Opening

No opening

The sky domes without opening provide lighting of rooms, while the air ventilation is not enabled.

With opening

Regarding the purpose of opening we distinguish two kinds of opening systems:

• air-ventilating systems (manual, electrical, or pneumatic opening),
• natural smoke and heat ventilation systems in the case of fire.

Simultaneous application of both systems is also possible. All sky domes, meant for opening, are equipped with the additional built-in opening frames and hinges, enabling opening and closing of a sky dome.

Manual opening
This is the most simple and least costly opening system. It is used in places, where the height from floor to the skylight does not exceed 5 m (sanitary fittings, kitchens, schoolrooms, offices, corridors).

The system is composed of the telescopic spindle and a handle (2-4 m). The fixed part of the telescopic spindle is attached to the skylight's sockle by means of forks, while the moving part is attached to the skylight's frame (the sealing, built-in into the frame), attached to the crown by hinges.

Depending on the size of the sky dome the mechanism with one or two spindles is used (tandem). The tandem is used at larger sky domes. At the tandem opening the two spindles are mutually connected with the couplant axis.

It is possible to combine the manual mechanism with the smoke and heat ventilation mechanism. The independent use is appropriate exclusively for the air ventilation requirements.

Electrical opening
The opening with the electromotive actuators is carried out by means of the electric engines of various designs. The electric engines, operating at the voltage of 230 V and 24 V, used for this purpose, which in the standard design enable lateral lifting of the skylight up to the height of 300 mm, are intended exclusively for the air ventilation. The electric engines with the toothed slats of the lengths of 350, 550, 750, or 1000 mm, are used for larger opening angles.

The engine, and consequently the opening of the skylight, is controlled with the switch, by means of which the skylight can be opened, closed, or stopped in the wanted position. The final closing and stopping is automated. The opening by means of the electro-motive actuators is available in various designs. The available options are the single or the tandem design.

The choice of the electric engine type depends on:

• purpose of skylights (air ventilation, natural smoke and heat ventilation),
• size of skylights - considering the proper weight of skylights, as well as the load, additionally carried by such a skylight (snow - weather conditions allowance).

Pneumatic opening
It is used especially in the premises where the compressed air is available, since the pneumatic opening requires the supply of the compressed air of 4-8 bar (primary installation). The primary installation shall contain the adequate connections for the air inlet to the skylight.

The standard pneumatic cylinders of the type 32/320 or 50/320 are used for the pneumatic opening; however, on special agreement, the incorporation of the non-standard cylinders is also possible. The markings 32 or 50 designate the diameter of the cylinder, and the marking 320 designates its length. The use of varied diameter depends on the weight and the size of the skylight to be opened. In the case of several air ventilation skylights built-in on the same building, it is possible to perform the opening of each individual skylight separately; nevertheless, the simultaneous opening of several skylights is feasible, too. The cylinder stroke assures the maximum lateral lift of the skylight up to 300 mm, and it is suitable only for air ventilation, however, in the case of fire it can be combined with the smoke and heat exhausting system.

The opening is regulated with a switch with only two operation positions: open and closed.

The pneumatic opening is especially suitable for the premises with a high specific humidity and dirt, since the electric opening in such conditions is rather difficult to be carried out.